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Devices
the tools a writer uses
Figurative Language
form of expression used to convey meaning or heighten effect beyond the literal
Understatement/ Emphasis
oxymoron, hyperbole, irony, satire, parody, paradox, juxtaposition
Relationship/ Resemblance
metaphor, simile, personification, allusion, symbolism, allegory, motif
Sound Devices
alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, repetition
Verbal Games
pun
Imagery
descriptive language that uses figurative language and/or sensory details to help the reader visualize the text
Techniques
how the author uses the devices
Characterization
manner in which an author creates and develops characters utilizing exposition, dialogue, and action (including the use of a protagonist, an antihero, an antagonist, archetypes, conflict, foil, motivation, and/or stream of consciousness)
Setting
time and place of a literary work, including the social and/or historical context; helps convey the mood or atmosphere
Dialogue
conversation between characters in a literary work
Dialect
variant of language spoken by a specific region or group that differs from standard pronunciation and syntax
colloquialisms
local or regional expressions, including aphorisms, idioms
Narrator/ Speaker
the perspective from which the story is told
first person (includes frame narrator, unreliable narrator, and naïve narrator)
second person
third-person limited
third-person omniscient
Syntax
arrangement of words and phrases to create complete thoughts
Diction
author’s intentional choice of words and phrases
Tone
author’s or narrator’s attitude toward the subject of a work
Voice
author’s or character’s distinctive way of expressing himself or herself
On Style xvii
Points of View
Forms